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Reference Papers

25 June 2018
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Lay speak orientated Reference Papers provide important, unbiased technical information to help inform debate on hot topics being dealt with inside and outside the industry.
Reference Papers are designed to make CIGRE technical papers more accessible, covering not just hard science but also opinions and views, so they can help to inform discussion around important topics. Reference Papers are not published to any set schedule, prepared as and when the need arises, as quickly as possible so that they can inform discussions.

The Condition of Solid Transformer Insulation at End-of-Life

29 March 2022
The present report details the issues around the physical EoL parameters, discusses unknown correlations of aging records with aging status of solid insulation, and unveils and describes related gaps in knowledge. Uncertainties are generated and associated to monitoring data, oil sampling challenges with temperature and related water, acids, furanic compounds partition, mainly 2FAL (2-Furfural) occurrence dependence on paper thermal upgrading and loss due to oil change and/or treatments, etc.[READ MORE] - View More

Changes of new unused insulating kraft paper properties during drying - Impact on degree of polymerization

J. Lukic (RS), K. Deville (BE), M.C. Lessard (CA), L. Dreier (CH), I.A. Hohlein (DE), D. Vrsaljko (HR), A. Peixoto (PT), L. Melzer (SE), L. Lewand (USA), H. Ding (GB)
The degree of polymerization of kraft paper is one of the key properties of cellulosic insulation material used in power transformers, since it is providing information about paper mechanical properties and ageing condition. In this paper, a short introduction on cellulose insulation composition and changes during physical treatment of insulation drying is given, together with the results of round robin test of paper degree of polymerization (DPv) using viscometric technique. The DPv measuring method is used for quality control of new paper samples, evaluation of cellulose degradation under transformers operating conditions, and in recent decades for the evaluation of the condition of paper insulation after the transformer manufacturing drying process. - View More

System Strength

B. Badrzadeh (AU) – C4.56 Convener and Z. Emin (GB) - SC C4 Chair
Many regions worldwide are experiencing a rapid uptake of inverter-based resources (IBR) concurrent with the retirement of conventional fossil fuel  powered synchronous generation.  The global power industry is needing to develop state-of-the-art assessment methods and practical solutions, to understand and address the complex and new power system challenges presented by the rapid technology transition already well underway. The term ‘system strength’ has emerged to encompass a broad range of issues and their implications on power system operability.  - View More

The need for enhanced power system modelling techniques and simulation tools

B. Badrzadeh, C4.56 Convenor (AU) and Z. Emin, SC C4 Chair (GB)

The transition to a clean energy future requires thorough understanding of increasingly complex interactions between conventional generation, network equipment, variable renewable generation technologies (centralised and distributed), and demand response. Secure and reliable operation under such complex interactions requires the use of more advanced power system modelling and simulation tools and techniques. Conventional tools and techniques are reaching their limits to support such paradigm shifts.

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Power quality trends in the transition to carbon-free electrical energy systems

By C.F. Flytkjaer (DK) and Z. Emin, SC C4 Chair (GB)
Due to the accelerated shift towards a carbon-free electrical energy system, the power system is changing in terms of both planning and operation with an increasing integration of converter-interfaced renewable generation at all voltage levels. - View More

Overhead transmission lines, gas insulated lines and underground cables

By M. MARELLI, P. ARGAUT, SC B1, H. LUGSCHITZ, SC B2, K. KAWAKITA, SC B3
There is a considerable amount of highly technical information, specifications and guides available on the transmission of bulk electrical power from one area to another.  This information is available from bodies such as CIGRE, IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), and many National-based organizations. - View More

Sustainability – At the Heart of CIGRE's Work

Konstantin Staschus, Mercedes Vazquez and Henk Sanders.
Sustainability – At the Heart of CIGRE's Work

Sustainability is a key driver of many developments world-wide, and quite notably for power systems, thanks to the December 2015 Paris Agreement on climate protection with its actionable worldwide consensus and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations in September 2015. CIGRE, as the ‘global expert community for electric power systems’, is engaged in supporting the SDGs, the Paris Agreement, and sustainability in general, and pursues sustainable electricity for all.

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Effects of Increasing Power Electronics based Technology on Power System Stability: Performance and Operations

Z. EMIN (GB) – SC C4 Chair & S. ALMEIDA DE GRAAFF (NL) – SC C2 Chair
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Effects of Increasing Power Electronics based Technology on Power System Stability: Performance and Operations

The decarbonisation of electricity production through the increasing deployment of renewable energy sources (RES) is mainly achieved by power electronic (PE) converters which offer fundamentally different performance characteristics when compared to synchronous machines. Hence the traditionally synchronous generation rich power systems are transitioned towards...

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Management of network losses

Per Norberg, on behalf of Study Committee C1
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Management of network losses

Electricity as an energy carrier has amazing properties and in comparison to many other forms of energy transfer, is highly efficient. However, there are a few...

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Living with electric and magnetic fields (EMF)

M. Plante (MD), P. Arnera (PhD), D.A. Brown (MD), J.A. Bulcao (MD), J. Lambrozo (MD), S. Nakasono (PhD), M. Souques (MD), H. Tripp (PhD)
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Living with electric and magnetic fields (EMF)

As for back as 1972, a report was presented during a CIGRE session raised the possibility that exposure to power frequency (50/60 Hz) high electric fields might adversely affect workers’ health. In 1979, an epidemiological study in Denver, Colorado suggested that children’s exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields in the home might increase their risk of cancer.

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Recent development of alternative gases to SF6 for switching applications

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Recent development of alternative gases to SF6 for switching applications

CIGRE Study Committee A3 held a Workshop on SF6 alternatives jointly with Current Zero Club (CZC) on Monday, 22 August 2016 during the 2016 Paris session. Sixty experts attended. The purpose of the Workshop was to...

 

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Transition of the Electricity System from conventional generation to a dispersed and/or RES system

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Transition of the Electricity System from conventional generation to a dispersed and/or RES system

Currently electricity systems are facing a transition caused by several different reasons, e.g. a growing trend in renewable generation development which most of them have intermittent nature, a change of transmission systems from pure AC to hybrid AC/DC-Systems, the development of special protection schemes, overhead lines with partial undergrounding and others. This paper focuses on...

 

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The Path towards HVDC Grids

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The Path towards HVDC Grids

The widespread interest in incorporating large amounts of renewable energy into the AC transmission grid, principally from wind and solar generation, has revealed...

 

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Planning for Disaster

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Planning for Disaster

Planning for disaster may seem a fruitless exercise, as we can never accurately forecast the nature, duration and impact of the event. However...

 

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CIGRE WG “Network of the Future” Electricity Supply Systems of the future

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CIGRE WG “Network of the Future” Electricity Supply Systems of the future

The mission of modern power systems is to supply electric energy satisfying the...

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The Application of SF6 in Transmission and Distribution Networks

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The Application of SF6 in Transmission and Distribution Networks

SF6 is essential for the transmission and distribution equipment and switchgear, because of its...

 

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